PSG has now claimed the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times late to take a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.